Citation of sources is of critical importance in a scholarly work. It allows the reader to consult the materials for further study and to evaluate the validity of your work.

Examples of parenthetical citation can be found here.

Books (single author)

MLA style

Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays.
    Princeton: Princeton UP, 1957.

APA style (must be double-spaced)

Bernstein, T.M. (1965). The careful writer: A modern

      guide to English usage. New York: Atheneum.

Chicago style

Sturkin, Marita. 1997. Tangled memories. Berkeley and Los Angeles:
    Univ. of California Press.

Books (multi-author)

MLA style

Bondanella, Peter, and Julia Conaway Bondanella, eds.
    Dictionary of Italian Literature. Westport: Greenwood, 1979.

APA style (must be double-spaced)

Fanagan, J.C., Dailey, J., Shaycroft, M., Gorham, W., Orr, D.,

      & Goldberg, I. (1962). Design for a study of American Youth.

      Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Chicago style

Comaroff, Jean, and John Comaroff, eds. Modernity and Its Malcontents:
    Ritual and Power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.

Journal Articles

MLA style

Monk, Patricia. "Frankenstein's Daughters: The Problems of the Feminine
    Image in Science Fiction." Mosaic 13.3-4 (1980): 15-27.

APA style (must be double-spaced)

Piavio, A. (1975). Perceptual comparisons through the mind's eye.

       Memory & Cognition, 3, 635-647.

Chicago style

Swidler, Ann. 1996. Culture in Action. American Sociological
    Review 51:273-86.

Newspaper Article

MLA style

Dalin, Damon. "A $7 Greeting Card? Yes, But Listen To The Melody It
    Will Play For You." Wall Street Journal 10 May 1983, Eastern ed.: D37.

APA style (must be double-spaced)

Lubin, J.S. (1980, December 5). On idle: The unemployed shun much

       mundane work, at least for a while. The Wall Street Journal, pp. 1, 25.

Article in a Reference Book (Encyclopedia, etc.)

MLA style

"Mandarin." The Encyclopedia Americana. 1994 ed.

Roberts, Sheila. "A Confined World." World Literature Written in English
    24 (1984): 232-38. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism.
    Ed. Dennis Poupard. Vol. 25. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 399-402.

APA Style (must be double-spaced)

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica

      (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

*If an entry has no byline, place the title in the author position.

Video

As per MLA:

A film entry usually begins with the title, underlined, and includes the director, the distributor, and the year of release. You may include other data that seem pertinent -- such as the names of the writer, performers, and producer -- between the title and the distributor.

It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. James Stewart,
    Donna Reed, Lionel Barrymore, and Thomas Mitchell. RKO, 1946.

APA style (Motion Picture) (must be double-spaced)

Scorsese, M. (Producer), & Lonergan, K. (Writer/Director). (2000).

      You can count on me [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

Government Publications

MLA style

Congressional Record Vol LV, Part 4 (65th Congress) Washington DC:
    Government Printing Office, 1917.

APA style (must be double-spaced)

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental

    illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S.

    Government Printing Office.

More citation information can be found here:

Citing Information, University of North Carolina

Citing Sources, Duke University

Research and Documentation, Diana Hacker